Process for producing holographic material

ABSTRACT

Processes for producing a holographic material wherein the holographic image is formed on a polished, substantially smooth surface of a printing element and then transferred the holographic image to a substrate. A coating is applied to the smooth surface of the printing element to provide a coated surface, the coated surface is embossed or engraved to provide the holographic image, and the holographic image is then transferred to a substrate via a bonding material, thereby producing the holographic material. The holographic material may be used to provide a decorative cover for an object or item, such as a floral grouping or a potted plant.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application is a divisional of U.S. Ser. No. 09/611,932,filed Jul. 7, 2002, entitled “PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HOLOGRAPHICMATERIAL”; which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 09/372,526,filed Aug. 11, 1999, entitled “PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HOLOGRAPHICMATERIAL”, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,372,073, issued Apr. 16, 2002.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

[0002] Not applicable.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] 1. Field of the Invention

[0004] The present invention relates generally to processes forproducing decorative material, and more particularly, but not by way oflimitation, to processes for producing holographic material, as well asmethods for using same.

[0005] 2. Brief Description of the Prior Art

[0006] Processes for producing holographic materials are well known inthe art. One process involves passing a layer of plastic, for example,through a machine which imparts an image within the covering or upperstrata of the plastic layer. A powdered metallic constituent orcomponent (e.g. aluminum) is then applied thereon by a metallizingprocess. After metallizing, a holographic or 3-dimensional image isimparted on the metallized layer of plastic. This image is extremelypleasing and is widely used within the credit card and securityindustries since the resulting image is difficult to duplicate and thusassists in the prevention of fraud by counterfeiting, for example.However, images produced by this process can be quite expensive sincethe machines required for production of the images are complicated andcostly in and of themselves. Additionally, holographic images producedby this process are usually small in size, and larger holographic imagescannot be imprinted by this process. Thus, this process of producingholographic images has not been widely used outside of the credit cardand novelty industry.

[0007] A process for producing large sheets of holographic material at alower cost than the process described above involves producing theholographic image laminated to a polymeric support, contacting theholographic image on the polymeric support to a substrate such as tissuepaper or foil via an adhesive, and delaminating the polymeric support,thereby transferring the holographic image from the polymeric support tothe tissue paper or foil substrate. The image cannot be directly appliedto a substrate having a rough surface because the rough surface of thesubstrate will refract light and will not have a highly reflectivefinish, thereby disrupting the holographic image.

[0008] Therefore, new and improved methods for producing holographicmaterial requiring less time and expense are being sought. It is to sucha process for producing holographic material that the present inventionis directed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] According to the present invention, processes for producingholographic material are provided which avoid the disadvantages anddefects of the prior art, making the processes more economicallyfeasible. Broadly, processes are provided for transferring holographicimages to a substrate to produce a holographic material. These processesinvolve producing the holographic image on a polished, substantiallysmooth surface and then transferring the holographic image to asubstrate, thereby bypassing the need for the lamination/delaminationsteps used in the prior art.

[0010] In one aspect of the present invention, a printing element havinga polished, substantially smooth surface is provided, and a metalliccoating is applied to the smooth surface of the printing element toprovide a coated surface. The coated surface is embossed or engraved toprovide the holographic image on the coating, and the holographic imageis then transferred to a substrate, thereby producing a holographicmaterial.

[0011] In another aspect of the present invention, a non-metalliccoating may be applied to the smooth surface of the printing element toprovide a coated surface, which is then embossed or engraved to providean image. The embossed or engraved coated surface may then bemetallized, if necessary, to provide a holographic image on the coating,and the holographic image is transferred to a substrate to produce theholographic material.

[0012] The production of holographic materials in accordance with thepresent invention may be performed as a continuous process or as a batchprocess. Applications of the holographic materials produced inaccordance with the present invention include wrapping a floral groupingand providing a decorative cover for an object such as a flower pot or apotted plant, decorative wrappings for various food and gift items,decorative and non-decorative elements, pigments, Christmas ornaments,etc.

[0013] An object of the present invention is to provide improvedprocesses for producing holographic materials.

[0014] Another object of the present invention, while achieving thebefore-stated object, is to provide processes for producing holographicmaterials which do not suffer from the disadvantages of the prior artprocesses.

[0015] Other objects, features and advantages of the present inventionwill become apparent from the following detailed description when readin conjunction with the accompanying drawings and appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016]FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a sheet of holographicmaterial having a holographic image embossed thereon produced by acontinuous process in accordance with the present invention.

[0017]FIG. 2 is a partial schematic representation of an apparatus forproducing holographic material in a continuous process, the apparatusutilizing a cylindrical drum and an embossing element.

[0018]FIG. 2A is a partial schematic representation of another apparatusfor producing holographic material in a continuous process.

[0019]FIG. 2B is a partial schematic representation of yet anotherapparatus for producing holographic material in a continuous process.

[0020]FIG. 3 is a partial schematic representation of another apparatusfor producing holographic material in a continuous process, theapparatus utilizing a cylindrical drum and an embossing element.

[0021]FIG. 3A is a partial schematic representation of yet anotherapparatus for producing holographic material in a continuous process.

[0022]FIG. 3B is a partial schematic representation of another apparatusfor producing holographic material in a continuous process.

[0023]FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating a sheet of holographicmaterial having a holographic image engraved thereon produced by anothercontinuous process in accordance with the present invention.

[0024]FIG. 5 is a partial schematic representation of an apparatus forproducing holographic material in a continuous process, the apparatusutilizing a cylindrical drum and an engraving element.

[0025]FIG. 6 is a partial schematic representation of another apparatusfor producing holographic material in a continuous process, theapparatus utilizing a cylindrical drum and an engraving element.

[0026]FIG. 7 is a side elevational view illustrating a sheet ofholographic material having a holographic image embossed thereonproduced by a batch process in accordance with the present invention.

[0027]FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic representation of a flat plate used toproduce sheets of holographic material having a holographic imageembossed thereon in accordance with the present invention, the flatplate having a coating disposed on a surface thereof.

[0028]FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic representation of the flat plate with acoated surface of FIG. 8 and an embossing plate for embossing the coatedsurface of the flat plate to provide an embossed coated surface with aholographic image thereon.

[0029]FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic representation of the flat plate of FIG.9 having an embossed coated surface and a holographic image thereon, theembossed coated surface of the flat plate having a bonding materialapplied thereto.

[0030]FIG. 10A is a diagrammatic representation of the flat plate ofFIG. 9 having an embossed coated surface and a holographic imagethereon, and a substrate having a bonding material applied thereto.

[0031]FIG. 10B is a diagrammatic representation of the flat plate ofFIG. 9 having an embossed coated surface and a holographic image thereonand a substrate, wherein bonding material is applied to the embossedcoated surface of the flat plate and to the substrate.

[0032]FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic representation of the flat plate of FIG.10 having an embossed coated surface with a holographic image thereonand a bonding material applied thereto, the bonding material bondinglyconnecting the embossed coated surface to a substrate to produce a sheetof holographic material constructed from the coating containing aholographic image and the substrate.

[0033]FIG. 11A is a diagrammatic representation of the flat plate havingan embossed coated surface with a holographic image thereon and thesubstrate of FIG. 10A, the bonding material disposed on the substratebondingly connecting the holographic image to the substrate to produce asheet of holographic material.

[0034]FIG. 11B is a diagrammatic representation of the flat plate havingan embossed coated surface with a holographic image thereon and thesubstrate of FIG. 10B, the bonding material bondingly connecting theholographic image to the substrate to produce a sheet of holographicmaterial.

[0035]FIG. 12 is a side elevational view illustrating a sheet ofholographic material having a holographic image engraved thereonproduced by another batch process in accordance with the presentinvention.

[0036]FIG. 13 is a diagrammatic representation of a flat plate used toproduce sheets of holographic material having a holographic imageengraved thereon in accordance with the present invention, the flatplate having a coating disposed on a surface thereof.

[0037]FIG. 14 is a diagrammatic representation of the flat plate with acoated surface of FIG. 13 and an engraving element for engraving thecoated surface of the flat plate to provide an engraved coated surfacewith a holographic image thereon.

[0038]FIG. 15 is a diagrammatic representation of the flat plate of FIG.14 having an engraved coated surface and a holographic image thereon,the engraved coated surface of the flat plate having a bonding materialapplied thereto.

[0039]FIG. 16 is a diagrammatic representation of the flat plate of FIG.15 having an engraved coated surface with a holographic image thereonand a bonding material applied thereto, the bonding material bondinglyconnecting the engraved coated surface to a substrate to produce a sheetof holographic material constructed from the coating containing aholographic image and the substrate.

[0040]FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a roll of holographic materialconstructed in accordance with the present invention and illustrating aknife assembly being actuated by an actuator to cut at least a portionof the roll of holographic material into elongated strips of holographicmaterial.

[0041]FIG. 18 is a perspective view of the roll of holographic materialof FIG. 17, showing the knife assembly being actuated in a seconddirection, so as to cut the elongated strips of holographic materialinto segments of holographic material.

[0042]FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a floral grouping disposed on asheet of holographic material.

[0043]FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the floral grouping of FIG. 19being wrapped in the sheet of holographic material in one method ofwrapping with the sheet of holographic material.

[0044]FIG. 21 is a perspective view of the floral grouping wrapped inthe sheet of holographic material in a conical fashion.

[0045]FIG. 22 is a perspective view of another method of using a sheetof holographic material to wrap a floral grouping, wherein the floralgrouping is wrapped in the sheet of holographic material in acylindrical fashion.

[0046]FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a sheet of holographic materialhaving a flower pot disposed thereon.

[0047]FIG. 24 is a perspective view of the sheet of holographic materialof FIG. 23 partially wrapped about the flower pot.

[0048]FIG. 25 is a perspective view of the sheet of holographic materialof FIG. 23 wrapped about the flower pot.

[0049]FIG. 26 is a perspective view of a pre-formed decorative pot coverformed from a sheet of holographic material.

[0050]FIG. 27 is a diagrammatic, cross-sectional view of a male andfemale mold having a sheet of holographic material disposed therebetweenfor forming the preformed decorative pot cover of FIG. 26.

[0051]FIG. 28 is a perspective view of a pre-formed decorative pot coverformed from a sheet of holographic material wherein the pre-formeddecorative pot cover has a potted plant disposed therein.

[0052]FIG. 29 is a perspective view of a sleeve for wrapping about afloral grouping, wherein the sleeve is constructed from a holographicmaterial in accordance with the present invention.

[0053]FIG. 30 is a perspective view of a wrapper comprising the sleeveof FIG. 29 and a floral grouping disposed therein, with a bloom portionof the floral grouping disposed adjacent a first end of the sleeve and astem portion of the floral grouping extending from a second end of thesleeve.

[0054]FIG. 31 is a perspective view of a modified wrapper similar to thewrapper of FIG. 30 but having a bonding material disposed on the innerperipheral surface of the sleeve, and showing the wrapper crimped aboutthe stem portion of the floral grouping, the crimped portion formingoverlapping folds.

[0055]FIG. 32 is a perspective view of a modified wrapper similar to thewrapper of FIG. 30 but having a bonding material disposed on the outerperipheral surface of the sleeve, and showing the wrapper crimped aboutthe stem portion of the floral grouping, the crimped portion formingoverlapping folds.

[0056]FIG. 33 is a perspective view of a wrapper formed from theholographic material of the present invention wherein the wrappercomprises a flower pot and a sleeve for covering the flower pot whereinthe sleeve is provided with vertical and circumferential perforations.

[0057]FIG. 34 is a perspective view of the wrapper of FIG. 33 whereinthe vertical perforations of the sleeve are torn open and thecircumferential perforations of the sleeve are partially torn.

[0058]FIG. 35 is a perspective view of the wrapper of FIGS. 33 and 34wherein an upper portion of the sleeve has been torn away and aremaining lower portion of the sleeve forms a decorative flower potcover.

[0059]FIG. 36 is a perspective view of a wrapper formed from theholographic material of the present invention wherein the wrappercomprises a sleeve sized to wrap a floral grouping having a single bloomand a single stem and a floral grouping having a single bloom and asingle stem.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The Embodiments of FIGS. 1-6

[0060] Referring now to the drawings, shown in FIG. 1 and designatedtherein by the reference numeral 10 is a sheet of holographic materialconstructed in accordance with the present invention by a continuousprocess. The sheet of holographic material 10 comprises a substrate 12having a holographic design or image 14 formed thereon. The holographicimage 14 provides the sheet of holographic material 10 with aholographic or 3-dimensional appearance.

[0061] The term “holographic image” as used herein is to be understoodto mean a three-dimensional image most visible from an oblique angle.The unique properties of holographic images are that they appear tofloat in space, are true-to-life and can change perspective, that is,permit one to look around corners and watch hidden features of the imagecome to light.

[0062] Further, the “holographic image” can be in any geometric form, orany combination of geometric forms, for example, squares, round spots,triangles, rectangles, octagonals, or the like, or any non-geometric,asymmetrical or fanciful forms, or any combination thereof, for example,but not by way of limitation, hearts, balloons, flowers, lace, slogans,logos, print (any combination of letters and/or numbers), signs, humanforms (real and fictional), animal forms (real and fictional), cartooncharacters, and/or plant forms. Such holographic images may include acolor, or a portion of a color, or a combination of colors and designs.Alternatively, at least a portion of the holographic image may becolorless, translucent, transparent, opaque, pearlescent, iridescent, orthe like.

[0063] The term “substrate” when used herein means a sheet of materialcapable of receiving the holographic image 14 and which providesstability to the holographic image 14. The substrate 12 of the sheet ofholographic material 10 may be flexible or non-flexible. The substrate12 can be constructed of any suitable material capable of receiving aholographic image, such as polymeric film, foil, paper, tissue,laminations thereof and combinations thereof. The substrate 12 includesa surface 16 which may be substantially rough and textured orsubstantially smooth. For example, tissue paper, kraft paper and highdensity polyethylene film often have rough surfaces, while foil andchromecoat paper typically have smooth surfaces.

[0064] The thickness of the substrate 12 can vary widely. Generally,however, the substrate 12 has a thickness in a range from about 0.0002mil to about 30 mil, and more desirably from about 0.1 mil to about 20mil.

[0065] The substrate 12 may have various printings, colorings, coatings,embossings, texturizing, flocking and/or metallic finishes, or otherdecorative surface ornamentation applied separately or simultaneously ormay be characterized totally or partially by pearlescent, translucent,transparent, iridescent, or other finishes. Each of the above-namedcharacteristics may occur alone or in combination, and when present incombination, such characteristics may be in or out of register with oneanother.

[0066] Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, an apparatus 17 for continuouslyproducing the holographic material 10 is schematically illustrated. Aswill be more fully described hereinafter, the holographic material 10 isproduced using a printing element 18. The printing element 18 may beprovided with a smooth surface or a rough surface. When the printingelement 18 is provided with a smooth surface, the need to produce theholographic image on a substrate having a smooth surface, such asrequired by the prior art methods, is substantially eliminated.

[0067] The term “printing element” as used herein means any elementhaving a surface capable of having a holographic image produced thereonwhereby the holographic image can be transferred to a substrate withoutsubstantially distorting the holographic image. Thus, the printingelement 18 for producing the holographic material 10 utilizing theapparatus 17 may be, for example, but not limited to, a cylindricaldrum, a roller and the like. The printing element 18 may be constructedof any suitable material capable of having a polished, substantiallysmooth surface and which is capable of having the holographic imageformed thereon for transfer to a desired substrate. The printing element18 may be constructed of chrome, stainless steel, tool steel and thelike. The printing element 18 may also be constructed in part of aresilient or non-resilient material such that the printing element 18 isprovided with a resilient or non-resilient surface.

[0068] The printing element 18 illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 is acylindrical drum 20 having a smooth surface 22. The cylindrical drum 20permits the holographic material 10 to be continuously produced. Acoating 30 capable of receiving a holographic image is applied to thesmooth surface 22 of the cylindrical drum 20 by a coating assembly 32,thereby providing a coated surface 34 of the cylindrical drum 20. Thecoating assembly 32 is illustrated as comprising a coating pan 36 and areverse gravure doctor blade 38. The thickness of the coating 30 on thecoated surface 34 of the cylindrical drum 20 can be controlled andmaintained within preselected limits by the reverse gravure doctor blade38 of the coating assembly 32.

[0069] It will be understood that other methods of applying the coating30 to the smooth surface 22 of the cylindrical drum 20 may be employed,such as spraying, brushing, etc.

[0070] The term “coating” as used herein is to be understood to mean amaleable film, ink or lacquer which is able to be embossed or engravedto receive a holographic image on at least a portion thereof. Forexample, the coating 30 may be a metallic material such as metallicpolymeric film, metallic, iridescent pigment, foil, metallized lacquerand combinations thereof. The coating 30 may also be a nonmetallicmaterial such as polymeric film, foil, lacquer and combinations thereof.The coating 30 may also consist of metallized film chopped into glitterand mixed with a lacquer to provide and ink or lacquer as the coating30. When the coating 30 is a nonmetallic material, the process forproducing the holographic material 10 in accordance with the presentinvention may include an additional step of metallizing the coatedsurface 34 of the cylindrical drum 20, which will be described in detailbelow. The step of metallizing the non-metallic coated surface 30 willnot be required when a non-metallic material employed as the coating 30possesses the reflective properties necessary to highlight a holographicimage. Examples of non-metallic coatings 30 possessing suchcharacteristics include iridescent pigments and inks or lacquerscontaining metallized film glitter.

[0071] The term “lacquer” as used herein means a coating substanceconsisting of resinous materials, such as cellulose esters, celluloseethers, shellac, gum, alkyd resins and the like, which are dissolved ina solvent that evaporates rapidly on application such as ethyl alcohol,thereby leaving a tough, adherent film. Lacquers which are useful in thepresent invention are mixtures, such as, but not limited to, lacquersproduced by mixing styrene-acrylic emulsions, such as Lucidene 603 andLucidene 395 (Morton International, Inc., 100 North Riverside Plaza,Chicago, Ill. 60606) with a non-ionic surfactant, such as Surfynol 465(Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 7201 Hamilton Boulevard, Allentown,Pa. 18195-1501) and ammonia (G. S. Robbins and Company, 126 ChouteauAvenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63102). The lacquer produced as described abovemay also contain a wax emulsion in water, such as Liquitron 440 (CarrolScientific, Inc., 5401 S. Dansher Road, Countryside, Ill. 60525).

[0072] The coated surface 34 of the cylindrical drum 20 is then embossedby an embossing element 40, such as an embossing drum 42. Embossingelements are used to produce materials to decorate or cover articles bydepressing, carving, raising, or printing designs, patterns, etc. sothat at least a portion of the design, pattern, etc. is raised above thesurface of the material. Embossing elements and methods for embossingmaterials are well known in the art; thus, no further discussion of theembossing element 40 or embossing methods need be set forth.

[0073] Embossing of the coated surface 34 of the cylindrical drum 20produces a holographic image 14 on the coated surface 34 of thecylindrical drum 20. The holographic image 14 is provided with a firstsurface 44 and a second surface 46 which is substantially adjacent thesmooth surface 22 of the cylindrical drum 20.

[0074] As shown in FIG. 3, if the coating 30 used to provide the coatedsurface 34 of the cylindrical drum 20 is formed of a non-metallicmaterial which does not possess reflective properties necessary toprovide the holographic image 14, a metallic constituent or component 48is applied to the embossed coated surface 34 of the cylindrical drum 20to provide the holographic image 14. The metallic constituent orcomponent 48 can be applied to the embossed coated surface 34 of thecylindrical drum 20 by any suitable method, such as by discharging themetallic constituent or component 48 from a reservoir 50. Metallicconstituents or components which may be employed to metallize theembossed coated surface 34 of the cylindrical drum 20 are known in theart and include powdered metals such as powdered aluminum.

[0075] Once the holographic image has been produced, a bonding material54 may be applied to the holographic image 14, the substrate 12, orboth. FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate applying the bonding material 54 to thefirst surface 44 of the holographic image 14 by a bonding materialapplicator 56. The bonding material applicator 56 comprises a pan 58 anda reverse gravure doctor blade 60 for removing excess bonding material54 and controlling the thickness of the bonding material 54 so as toinsure a substantially uniform coating of bonding material 54 on thefirst surface 44 of the holographic image 14 present on the cylindricaldrum 20. The bonding material 54 applied to the first surface 44 of theholographic image 14 is contacted with the surface 16 of the substrate12, thereby bondingly contacting the holographic image 14 to thesubstrate 12 and producing the holographic material 10.

[0076] The term “bonding material” when used herein may be an adhesive,such as a pressure sensitive adhesive, or a cohesive. Where the bondingmaterial is a cohesive, a similar cohesive material must be placed onthe adjacent surface for bondingly contacting and bondingly engagingwith the cohesive material. The term “bonding material” may also bematerials which are heat sealable and, in this instance, the adjacentportions of the materials must be brought into contact and then heatmust be applied to effect the seal. The term “bonding material” whenused herein also means a lacquer, which may be the coating 30 describedabove. In this instance, heat, sound waves, or vibrations may be appliedto effect the sealing of the lacquer. In this way, the coating 30 mayboth receive the holographic image 14 and effect sealing of theholographic image 14 to the substrate 12, thereby producing theholographic material 10.

[0077] To bondingly secure the holographic image 14 to the substrate 12and to transfer the holographic image 14 from the smooth surface 22 ofthe cylindrical drum 20 to the substrate 12, various methods may beemployed. For example, heat and/or pressure may be applied to effect theseal between the holographic image 14 and the substrate 12. As shown inFIGS. 2 and 3, a nip formed by opposing rollers of the cylindrical drum20 and a sealing drum 62 may sandwich the holographic image 14 and thesubstrate 12 to effect a seal between the substrate 12 and theholographic image 14. In addition, the sealing drum 62 may be a heatedroller to aid in effecting the seal between the holographic image 14 andthe substrate 12.

[0078] The holographic material 10 is then removed from the smoothsurface 22 of the cylindrical drum 20. Methods of removing theholographic material 10 from the cylindrical drum 20 are known in theart. The holographic material 10 produced by the continuous process 17may be present in different forms such as a roll or sheets ofholographic material 10.

[0079] Following production of the holographic material 10, theholographic material 10 may be modified by various methods, such aslamination of a transparent polymeric film thereto, as described indetail herein below.

[0080] It will be understood that other methods of bondingly securingand sealing the holographic image 14 and the substrate 12 which may beemployed with the apparatus 17 for continuously producing theholographic material 10 as described herein may be employed in thisprocess, and is not limited to the method described herein.

[0081] Shown in FIGS. 2A and 3A is another method of bondingly securingand sealing the holographic image 14 a and the substrate 12 a, whereinthe method utilizes an apparatus 17′ for continuously producing theholographic material 10, wherein the apparatus 17′ is substantiallysimilar to the apparatus 17 described hereinbefore with reference toFIGS. 2 and 3, except that the bonding material 54 is applied to thesurface 16 of the substrate 12 rather than the to the first surface 44of the holographic image 14. The bonding material 54 is applied to thesurface 16 of the substrate 12 by a bonding material applicator 56′which is substantially similar to the bonding material applicator 56described hereinbefore with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.

[0082] While the bonding material 54 is depicted in FIGS. 2-3 and 2A-3Aas being applied to either the holographic image 14 or the substrate 12,respectively, it will be understood that the bonding material 54 may beapplied to both the holographic image 14 and the substrate 12. Shown inFIGS. 2B and 3B is an apparatus 17″ which is substantially similar tothe apparatus 17 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 and the apparatus 17′ shown inFIGS. 2A and 3A and described hereinbefore, except that the apparatus17″ is provided with two bonding material applicators 56″ which applybonding material 54 to both the first surface 44 of the holographicimage 14 and to the surface 16 of the substrate 12. In this manner, acohesive may be used as the bonding material 54, allowing for greatercontrol in bondingly connecting the holographic image 14 to thesubstrate 12 to form the holographic material 10.

[0083] Shown in FIG. 4 is a sheet of holographic material 10 a which issimilar to the sheet of holographic material 10 illustrated in FIG. 1and described in detail hereinbefore, except that the holographic image14 a of the sheet of holographic material 10 a is produced by engravingrather than embossing. The sheet of holographic material 10 a comprisesa substrate 12 a having a surface 16 a and a holographic image 14 aformed thereon, the holographic image 14 a having a first surface 44 aand a second surface 46 a wherein the first surface 44 a of theholographic image 14 a is bondingly connected to the surface 16 a of thesubstrate 12 a. The sheet of holographic material 10 a is producedcontinuously utilizing an apparatus 17 a which is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6and which is substantially similar to the apparatus 17 illustrated inFIGS. 2 and 3 and described in detail previously, except that anengraving element 41 a, such as a laser 43 a, is employed to produce theholographic image 14 a of the sheet of holographic material 10 a, ratherthan the embossing element 40 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.

[0084] Briefly, a coating 30 a capable of receiving a holographic imageis applied to a smooth surface 22 a of a cylindrical drum 20 a by acoating assembly 32 a, thereby providing a coated surface 34 a of thecylindrical drum 20 a. The coating assembly 32 a is illustrated ascomprising a coating pan 36 a and a reverse gravure doctor blade 38 a.The coated surface 34 a of the cylindrical drum 20 a is then engraved byan engraving element 41 a, such as a laser 43 a. Engraving elements areused to cut or etch letters, patterns, designs, etc. in or on a surfaceof a material. Engraving elements and methods for engraving materialsare well known in the art; thus, no further discussion of the engravingelement 41 a or engraving methods need be set forth.

[0085] As shown in FIG. 5, engraving of the coated surface 34 a of thecylindrical drum 20 a produces a holographic image 14 a, which isprovided with the first and second surfaces 44 a and 46 a, respectively,wherein the second surface 46 a is substantially adjacent the smoothsurface 22 a of the cylindrical drum 20 a.

[0086] As shown in FIG. 6, if the coating 30 a is formed of anon-metallic material which does not possess reflective propertiesnecessary to provide the holographic image 14 a, a metallic constituentor component 48 a is applied to the engraved coated surface 34 a of thecylindrical drum 20 a to provide the holographic image 14 a by anysuitable method, such as by discharging the metallic constituent orcomponent 48 a from a reservoir 50 a.

[0087] As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a bonding material 54 a is applied tothe first surface 44 a of the holographic image 14 a by a bondingmaterial applicator 56 a comprising a pan 58 a and a reverse gravuredoctor blade 60 a. The bonding material 54 a applied to the firstsurface 44 a of the holographic image 14 a is contacted with the surface16 a of the substrate 12 a, thereby bondingly connecting the holographicimage 14 a to the substrate 12 a and producing the sheet of holographicmaterial 10 a.

[0088] While the bonding material 54 a is depicted as being applied tothe first surface 44 a of the holographic image 14 a, it will beunderstood that the bonding material 54 a may be applied to the surface16 a of the substrate 12 a, or to both the first surface 44 a of theholographic image 14 a and to the surface 16 a of the substrate 12 a.Application of the bonding material 54 a to the substrate 12 a or toboth the substrate 12 a and the holographic image 14 a will be in asubstantially similar manner to that described herein previously forapplication of the bonding material 54 to the substrate 12 by theapparatus 17 described hereinbefore with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 orfor application of the bonding material 54 to both the substrate 12 andthe holographic image 14 by the apparatus 17′ described hereinbeforewith reference to FIGS. 2A and 3A.

[0089] The holographic image 14 a is bondingly secured and transferredto the substrate 12 a by any suitable method known in the art. As shownin FIGS. 5 and 6 for example only, a nip is formed by opposing rollersof the cylindrical drum 20 a and a sealing drum 62 a which sandwichesand effects a seal between the holographic image 14 a and the substrate12 a. The holographic material 10 a is then removed from the smoothsurface 22 a of the cylindrical drum 20 a by any method known in theart, and the holographic material 10 a produced by such processes may bepresent in different forms, such as a roll or sheets of holographicmaterial 10 a.

The Embodiments of FIGS. 7-16

[0090] Shown in FIG. 7 is a sheet of holographic material 10 bconstructed in accordance with the present invention by a batch processwhich utilizes an apparatus 68 b. The sheet of holographic material 10 bis similar to the sheet of holographic material 10 describedhereinbefore, and comprises a substrate 12 b having a surface 16 b andhaving a holographic image 14 b formed thereon, the holographic image 14b having a first surface 44 b and a second surface 46 b. The firstsurface 44 b of the holographic image 14 b is bondingly connected to thesurface 16 b of the substrate 12 b. The apparatus 68 b for producing thesheet of holographic material 10 b in a batch process is illustrated inFIGS. 8-11 and described in detail hereinafter.

[0091] The sheet of holographic material 10 b is produced using aprinting element 70 b. The printing element 70 b may be provided with asmooth surface or a rough surface. When the printing element 70 b isprovided with a smooth surface, the need to produce the holographicimage on a substrate having a smooth surface, such as required by theprior art methods, is substantially eliminated. The printing element 70b for producing the sheet of holographic material 10 b by the batchprocess utilizing the apparatus 68 b may be a plate, a platen press andthe like. The printing element 70 b may be constructed of any suitablematerial capable of having the holographic image formed thereon fortransfer to a desired substrate. Desirably, the printing element 70 b isconstructed of a material capable of having a polished, substantiallysmooth surface; however, it will be understood that the printing element70 b may be provided with a substantially rough surface which is capableof having the holographic image formed thereon. The printing element 70b may be constructed of chrome, stainless steel, tool steel and thelike. The printing element 70 b may also be constructed in part of aresilient or non-resilient material such that the printing element 70 bis provided with a resilient or non-resilient surface.

[0092] The printing element 70 b of the apparatus 68 b utilized inproducing the sheet of holographic material 10 b in a batch processillustrated in FIG. 8 is a flat plate 72 b having a smooth surface 74 b.A coating 30 b, which is substantially similar to the coating 30 asdescribed hereinbefore, is applied to the smooth surface 74 b of theflat plate 72 b by a coating assembly 76 b, thereby providing a coatedsurface 78 b of the flat plate 72 b. The coating assembly 76 b isillustrated as a coating brush 80 b. However, it should be understoodthat other methods of applying the coating 30 b to the smooth surface 74b of the flat plate 72 b may be employed, such as spraying, dipping, andthe like.

[0093] The coated surface 78 b of the flat plate 72 b is then embossedby an embossing element 82 b, such as an embossing plate 84 b shown inFIG. 9. Embossing of the coated surface 78 b of the flat plate 72 bprovides a holographic image 14 b on the coated surface 78 b of the flatplate 72 b. The holographic image 14 b is provided with a first surface44 b and a second surface 46 b which is substantially adjacent thesmooth surface 74 b of the flat plate 72 b.

[0094] If the coating 30 b used to provide the coated surface 78 b ofthe flat plate 72 b is formed of a non-metallic material which does notpossess reflective properties necessary to provide the holographic image14 b, a metallic constituent or component (not shown) is applied to theembossed coated surface 78 b of the flat plate 72 b to provide theholographic image 14 b. This process is substantially similar to themetallizing of the embossed coated surface 34 of the cylindrical drum 20by a metallizing constituent or component 50 to provide the holographicimage 10 as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 5 and described in detail above.

[0095] Once the holographic image 14 b has been produced, a bondingmaterial 54 b, which is substantially similar to the bonding material 54as described hereinbefore, may be applied to the holographic image 14 b,to the substrate 12 b, or both. FIG. 10 illustrates applying the bondingmaterial 54 b to the holographic image 14 b by a bonding materialapplicator 86 b. It will be understood that other methods of applyingthe bonding material 54 b to the holographic image 14 b on the flatplate 72 b may be employed, such as spraying, brushing, etc.

[0096] The bonding material 54 b applied to the holographic image 14 bis contacted with the substrate 12 b as illustrated in FIG. 11, therebybondingly connecting the holographic image 14 b to the substrate 12 band producing the sheet of holographic material 10 b.

[0097] To bondingly connect the holographic image 14 b to the substrate12 b and to transfer the holographic image 14 b from the smooth surface74 b of the flat plate 72 b to the substrate 12 b, various methods maybe employed. For example, heat and/or pressure may be applied to effectthe seal between the substrate 12 b and the holographic image 14 b. Asshown in FIG. 11, the holographic image 14 b and the substrate 12 b maybe sandwiched between the flat plate 72 b and a sealing plate 88 b toeffect a seal between the substrate 12 b and the holographic image 14 b.In addition, the sealing plate 88 b may be heated to aid in effectingthe seal between the holographic image 14 b and the substrate 12 b.

[0098] It will be understood that other methods of bondingly connectingand sealing the holographic image 14 b and the substrate 12 b in thebatch process 68 b for producing the sheet of holographic material 10 bas described herein may be employed.

[0099]FIGS. 10A and 11A depict another method for bondingly connectingand sealing the holographic image 14 b to the substrate 12 b whichutilizes a batch process 68 b′ for producing the sheet of holographicmaterial 10 b. The batch process 68 b′ is substantially similar to thebatch process 68 b shown in FIGS. 8-11 and described herein previously,except that the bonding material 54 b is applied to the surface 16 b ofthe substrate 12 b rather than to the holographic image 14 b. The batchprocess 68 b′ utilizes a bonding material applicator 86 b′ for applyingthe bonding material 54 b to the surface 16 b of the substrate 12 b,wherein the bonding material applicator 86 b′ is substantially similarto the bonding material applicator 86 b described hereinbefore withreference to FIG. 10.

[0100] Shown in FIGS. 10B and 11B is yet another method for bondinglyconnecting and sealing the holographic image 14 b to the substrate 12 bwhich utilizes a batch process 68 b″ for producing the sheet ofholographic material 10 b. The batch process 68 b″ is substantiallysimilar to the batch processes 68 b and 68 b′ described hereinbeforewith respect to FIGS. 8-11 and 10A-11A, respectively, except that thebonding material 54 b is applied to both the surface 16 b of thesubstrate 12 b and the first surface 44 b of the holographic image 14 b.In this manner, a cohesive may be used for the bonding material 54 b,allowing for greater control in bondingly connecting the holographicimage 14 b to the substrate 12 b to form the holographic material 10 b.

[0101] The batch process 68 b″ may be provided with two bonding materialapplicators 86 b″, as shown in FIG. 10B, whereby the bonding material 54b is applied to the substrate 12 b and the holographic image 14 bsimultaneously. Alternatively, the batch process 68 b″ may include onlyone bonding material applicator 86 b″ which applies bonding material 54b consecutively to the substrate 12 b and the holographic image 14 b.

[0102] Referring now to FIG. 12, the sheet of holographic material 10 bis then removed from the smooth surface 74 b of the flat plate 72 b.Methods of removing the sheet of holographic material 10 b from the flatplate 72 b are known in the art. The sheet of holographic material 10 bproduced by the batch process which utilizes the apparatus 68 b may bepresent in different forms such as a roll or sheets of sheet ofholographic material 10 b.

[0103] Shown in FIG. 12 is a sheet of holographic material 10 c which issimilar to the sheet of holographic material 10 b illustrated in FIG. 7and described in detail before, except that the holographic image 14 cof the sheet of holographic material 10 c is produced by engravingrather than embossing. The sheet of holographic material 10 c comprisesa substrate 12 c and a holographic image 14 c formed thereon. The sheetof holographic material 10 c is produced by a batch process utilizing anapparatus 68 c shown in FIGS. 13-16 which is similar to the batchprocess utilizing the apparatus 68 b illustrated in FIGS. 8-11 anddescribed in detail hereinbefore, except that the coated surface 78 c ofthe flat plate 72 c is engraved by an engraving element 83 c, such as alaser 85 c, to produce the holographic image 14 c of the sheet ofholographic material 10 c substantially as shown in FIG. 14, rather thanembossed by the embossing element 82 b as illustrated in FIG. 9.

[0104] The sheet of holographic material 10 c is produced using aprinting element 70 c which is similar to the printing element 70 bshown in FIG. 8 and described in detail hereinabove. The printingelement 70 c of the apparatus 68 c utilized in producing the sheet ofholographic material 10 c in a batch process illustrated in FIG. 13 is aflat plate 72 c having a smooth surface 74 c. A coating 30 c, which issubstantially similar to the coating 30 as described hereinbefore, isapplied to the smooth surface 74 c of the flat plate 72 c by a coatingassembly 76 c, thereby providing a coated surface 78 c of the flat plate72 c. The coating assembly 76 c is illustrated as a coating brush 80 c.However, it should be understood that other methods of applying thecoating 30 c to the smooth surface 74 c of the flat plate 72 c may beemployed, such as spraying, dipping, and the like.

[0105] The coated surface 78 c of the flat plate 72 c is then engravedby an engraving element 83 c, such as a laser 85 c shown in FIG. 14.Engraving of the coated surface 78 c of the flat plate 72 c provides aholographic image 14 c on the coated surface 78 c of the flat plate 72c. The holographic image 14 c is provided with a first surface 44 c anda second surface 46 c which is substantially adjacent the smooth surface74 c of the flat plate 72 c.

[0106] If the coating 30 c used to provide the coated surface 78 c ofthe flat plate 72 c is formed of a non-metallic material which does notpossess reflective properties necessary to provide the holographic image14 c, a metallic constituent or component (not shown) is applied to theengraved coated surface 78 c of the flat plate 72 c to provide theholographic image 14 c. This process is substantially similar to themetallizing of the embossed coated surface 34 of the cylindrical drum 20by a metallizing constituent or component 50 to provide the holographicimage 10 as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 5 and described in detail above.

[0107] Once the holographic image 14 c has been produced, a bondingmaterial 54 c, which is substantially similar to the bonding material 54as described hereinbefore, is applied to the holographic image 14 c by abonding material applicator 86 c, as shown in FIG. 15. It will beunderstood that other methods of applying the bonding material 54 c tothe holographic image 14 c on the flat plate 72 c may be employed, suchas spraying, brushing, etc. The bonding material 54 c applied to theholographic image 14 c is contacted with the substrate 12 c asillustrated in FIG. 16, thereby bondingly connecting the holographicimage 14 c to the substrate 12 c and producing the sheet of holographicmaterial 10 c.

[0108] While the bonding material 54 c is depicted as being applied tothe holographic image 14 c, it will be understood that the bondingmaterial 54 c may be applied to the substrate 12 c or to both thesubstrate 12 c and the holographic image 14 c. Application of thebonding material 54 c to the substrate 12 c or to both the holographicimage 14 c and the substrate 12 c will be in a substantially similarmanner to that described herein previously for application of thebonding material 54 b to the substrate 12 b in the batch process 68 b′described hereinbefore with reference to FIGS. 10A and 11A, or forapplication of the bonding material 54 b to the substrate 12 b and theholographic image 14 b in the batch process 68 b″, as describedhereinbefore with reference to FIGS. 10B and 11B.

[0109] To bondingly connect the holographic image 14 c to the substrate12 c and to transfer the holographic image 14 c from the smooth surface74 c of the flat plate 72 c to the substrate 12 c, various methods maybe employed. For example, heat and/or pressure may be applied to effectthe seal between the substrate 12 c and the holographic image 14 c. Asshown in FIG. 16, the holographic image 14 c and the substrate 12 c maybe sandwiched between the flat plate 72 c and a sealing plate 88 c toeffect a seal between the substrate 12 c and the holographic image 14 c.In addition, the sealing plate 88 c may be heated to aid in effectingthe seal between the holographic image 14 c and the substrate 12 c.

[0110] It will be understood that other methods of bondingly connectingand sealing the holographic image 14 c and the substrate 12 c in thebatch process which utilizes the apparatus 68 c for producing the sheetof holographic material 10 c as described herein may be employed.

[0111] The sheet of holographic material 10 c is then removed from thesmooth surface 74 c of the flat plate 72 c. Methods of removing thesheet of holographic material 10 c from the flat plate 72 c are known inthe art. The sheet of holographic material 10 c produced by the batchprocess which utilizes the apparatus 68 c may be present in differentforms such as a roll or sheets of sheet of holographic material 10 c.

The Embodiments of FIGS. 17-18

[0112] Shown in FIGS. 17-18 is a modified holographic material 10 dprovided as a roll 90 of holographic material 10 d. As described indetail herein previously, any of the holographic materials 10 or 10 aproduced by a continuous process which utilizes the apparatus 17 or 17 aor the holographic materials 10 b or 10 c produced by a batch processwhich utilizes the apparatus 68 b or 68 c may be provided as a roll ofholographic material. The holographic material 10 d may be withdrawnfrom the roll 90 and severed or disconnected to provide a sheet ofholographic material similar to the sheets of holographic material 10,10 a, 10 b and 10 c hereinbefore described with reference to FIGS. 1, 4,7 and 12, respectively, or to provide decorative elements such asdecorative grass or glitter, as described in detail hereinafter.

[0113] The roll 90 of holographic material 10 d may be supported on ajournally mounted shaft 92, substantially as shown in FIGS. 17 and 18.The holographic material 10 d is withdrawn from the roll 90 via aleading edge 94 until a predetermined length of the holographic materialrod has been withdrawn from the roll 90 of holographic material 10 d. Inthis position, a portion of the holographic material 10 d is disposedunder a knife assembly 96 having a plurality of knife edges 97. Theknife assembly 96 is connected to an actuator 98 adapted to move theknife assembly 96 in a first direction 100 and in a second direction102. When the predetermined length of holographic material 10 d has beenwithdrawn from the roll 90 of holographic material 10 d, the actuator 98moves the knife assembly 96 in the first direction 100 to a positionwherein the knife assembly 96 severingly engages the holographicmaterial 10 d to shreddingly cut a plurality of elongated strips 101 ofthe holographic material 10 d from the roll 90 of holographic material10 d.

[0114] In another optional mode, the actuator 98 may then turn the knifeassembly 96 to the second direction 102 wherein the knife assembly 96severingly re-engages the plurality of elongated strips 101 ofholographic material 10 d, thereby causing the elongated strips 101 ofthe holographic material 10 d to be severed into segments of decorativegrass 103 (FIG. 17) or into small pieces 104 (FIG. 18), for use asglitter, confetti, tinsel, decorative flakes, decals, labels, stickers,sequins, icicles for Christmas trees, imitation snow and the like (itwill be appreciated that this process is represented schematically inthe drawings). The actuator 98 may comprise a hydraulic or pneumaticcylinder or a motor and gear arrangement or any other form ofarrangement suitable for moving the knife assembly 96 in the directions100 and 102. After the knife assembly 96 has cuttingly severed thedesired portion of holographic material 10 d from the roll 90 of theholographic material 10 d, the actuator 98 moves the knife assembly 96in a direction 106 to a storage position disposed a distance above theholographic material 10 d. Alternatively, the leading edge 94 of theholographic material 10 d may be run across a first knife assembly 96set in the surface (not shown) to form the elongated strips 101 ofholographic material 10 d, wherein the actuator 98 actuates a secondknife edge (not shown) to cross-cut the elongated strips 101 ofholographic material 10 d into segments of decorative grass 103 or smallpieces 104 for use as glitter, confetti, tinsel and the like. Apparatusand methods for making decorative shredded materials and the like aredisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,646,388, entitled “APPARATUS FOR PRODUCINGWEIGHED CHARGES OF LOOSELY AGGREGATED FILAMENTARY MATERIAL”, issued toWeder et al on Mar. 3, 1987, which is hereby expressly incorporated byreference herein. However, it will be understood that while the primaryuses of the segments of grass 103 and the small pieces 104 ofholographic material 10 d are for decorative purposes, the segments ofgrass 103 and small pieces 104 of holographic material 10 d may also beused for purposes other than decorative purposes, such as but not by wayof limitation, uses for scattering light for camouflage or scatteringradar beams, as well as for producing sunscreens, pigments, paints, inksand adhesives.

[0115] It will be appreciated that the holographic material 10 d may bea laminate formed by laminating a sheet of material such as atransparent polymeric film to either surface of a holographic material,such as one of the holographic materials 10-10 c produced as describedin detail herein before. The transparent polymeric film of theholographic material 10 d increases the thickness of the holographicmaterial 10 d while still maintaining visual display of the holographicimage 14 d, and thus the grass 103 or small pieces 104 of theholographic material 10 d produced upon cutting the holographic material10 d will have a larger volume at substantially less cost than the grass103 or small pieces 104 produced from the holographic material 10 dwhich is not a laminate containing the transparent polymeric film. Inaddition, barrier properties, heat resistant properties and otherdesirable properties can be provided to the holographic material 10 d bylamination of different types of sheets of material to the holographicmaterial to provide the holographic material 10 d.

Embodiments of FIGS. 19-21

[0116] As noted previously, the sheet of holographic material 10 may beused to wrap a floral grouping 110. “Floral grouping” as used hereinwill be understood to include cut fresh flowers, artificial flowers, asingle flower, other fresh and/or artificial plants or other floralmaterials and may include other secondary plants and/or ornamentation orartificial or natural materials which add to the aesthetics of theoverall floral arrangement. The floral grouping 110 comprises a bloom orfoliage portion 112 and a stem portion 114. The term “floral grouping”may be used interchangeably herein with the term “floral arrangement”.

[0117] In a method of use, a modified sheet of holographic material 10 eis provided, which is similar to the sheet of holographic material 10shown in FIG. 1 and described in detail previously, except as describedbelow. The sheet of holographic material 10 e has an upper surface 116,a lower surface 118, a first side 120, a second side 122, and third side124 and a fourth side 126. A strip of bonding material 128 is disposedon the upper surface 116 and near the first side 120 of the sheet ofholographic material 10 e, the strip of bonding material 128 extendingbetween the third and fourth sides 124 and 126, respectively, of thesheet of holographic material 10 e.

[0118] The floral grouping 110 having the bloom portion 112 and the stemportion 114 (FIG. 19) is disposed on the upper surface 116 of the sheetof holographic material 10 e. The sheet of holographic material 10 e isthen wrapped about the floral grouping 110 by taking the second side 122of the sheet of holographic material 10 e and rolling the sheet ofholographic material 10 e in a direction 130 about the floral grouping110 (FIG. 20). The sheet of holographic material 10 e is continued to berolled about the floral grouping 110 until a portion of the bondingmaterial 128 is disposed adjacent a portion of the lower surface 118 ofthe sheet of holographic material 10 e and brought into bonding contactor engagement therewith (FIG. 21), thereby bondingly connecting thebonding material 128 on the upper surface 116 of the sheet ofholographic material 10 e to a portion of the lower surface 118 of thesheet of holographic material 10 e for cooperating to secure the sheetof holographic material 10 e in a wrapped condition about the floralgrouping 110 to provide a wrapper 132 wrapped about the floral grouping110, as shown in FIG. 21.

[0119] In the wrapped condition with the sheet of holographic material10 e wrapped about the floral grouping 110 as shown in FIG. 21, thewrapper 132 forms a conical shape with an open upper end 134 and an openlower end 136. The wrapper 132 covers a portion of the bloom portion 112of the floral grouping 110. A portion of the stem portion 114 of thefloral grouping 110 extends through the open lower end 136 of thewrapper 132. The wrapper 132 is tightly wrapped about the stem portion114 of the floral grouping 110. The bonding material 128 on the sheet ofholographic material 10 e may contact and engage some of the stemportion 114 of the floral grouping 110 to cooperate in securing thewrapper 132 so that the wrapper 132 is tightly wrapped about the stemportion 114 of the floral grouping 110 and to prevent the floralgrouping 110 from slipping or moving within the wrapper 132.

[0120] At least a portion of the floral grouping 110 is disposed withinthe wrapper 132. In some applications, the stem portion 114 of thefloral grouping 110 extends through the open lower end 136 of thewrapper 132, as described before. In other applications, the stemportion 114 of the floral grouping 110 does not extend through the openlower end 136 of the wrapper 132. In some applications, the wrapper 132is tightly wrapped about the stem portion 114 of the floral grouping110. The bloom portion 112 of the floral grouping 110 is disposedadjacent or above the open upper end 134 of the wrapper 132 and thebloom portion 112 of the floral grouping 110 is visible via the openupper end 134 of the wrapper 132. In some instances, the bloom portion112 of the floral grouping 110 may extend beyond the open upper end 134of the wrapper 132. In some applications, the upper end 134 of thewrapper 132 may be closed is desired. In some applications, the lowerend 136 of the wrapper 132 may be closed if desired.

[0121] The wrapper 132, as shown in FIG. 21, is generally conicallyshaped. The sheet of sheet of holographic material 10 e may also bewrapped about the floral grouping 110 to form a cylindrically shapedwrapper 132 a having an open upper end 134 a and an open lower end 136 asubstantially as shown in FIG. 22, or any other shape wrapper if desiredin a particular application.

[0122] U.S. Pat. No. 5,181,364, entitled “WRAPPING A FLORAL GROUPINGWITH SHEETS HAVING AN ADHESIVE OR COHESIVE MATERIAL APPLIED THERETO”,issued to Weder et al on Jan. 26, 1993, which has been incorporated byreference herein above, discloses methods of wrapping a floral groupingin a cylindrically-shaped wrapper.

Embodiments of FIGS. 23-28

[0123] As noted above, a sheet of holographic material 10 f may be usedto provide a decorative cover 140 for an object such as a flower pot 142or a potted plant 144. The term “flower pot” refers to any type ofcontainer used for holding a floral grouping or a plant. Examples offlower pots used in accordance with the present invention are clay pots,plastic pots, wooden pots, pots made from natural and/or syntheticfibers, and the like.

[0124] The flower pot 142 has an open upper end 146, a closed lower end148, and an outer peripheral surface 150. An opening 152 intersects theopen upper end 146 forming an inner peripheral surface 154 and aretaining space 156. A plant 158 and growing medium 160 (shown in FIG.28) may be disposed in the flower pot 142, thereby forming the pottedplant 144.

[0125] To form the sheet of holographic material 10 f into thedecorative cover 140 about the outer peripheral surface 150 of theflower pot 142, both the flower pot 142 and the sheet of holographicmaterial 10 f are provided. The sheet of holographic material 10 f isdesirably formed of a flexible yet shape-sustaining material. The flowerpot 142 is disposed upon the upper surface 116 f of the sheet ofholographic material 10 f so that the closed lower end 148 of the flowerpot 142 is disposed substantially adjacent a portion of the uppersurface 116 f of the sheet of holographic material 10 f. To cover theobject, the sheet of holographic material 10 f may be manually orautomatically formed about the outer peripheral surface 150 of theflower pot 142 or potted plant 144.

[0126] In one embodiment of a manual application of wrapping the sheetof holographic material 10 f about the flower pot 142 to provide thedecorative cover 140 for the flower pot 142, the sheet of holographicmaterial 10 f is wrapped about the outer peripheral surface 150 of theflower pot 142 so that the upper surface 116 f of the sheet ofholographic material 10 f is disposed substantially adjacent the outerperipheral surface 150 of the flower pot 142 (FIGS. 24 and 25) to formthe decorative cover 140 about the flower pot 142 wherein theholographic image 14 f of the sheet of holographic material 10 f isvisible and thereby provides the desired holographic effect to thedecorative cover 140 (FIG. 25). That is, the lower surface 118 f of thesheet of holographic material 10 f becomes an outer surface 164 of thedecorative cover 140 and at least a portion of the holographic design 14f constitutes at least a portion of the decor of the decorative cover140. Methods of manually wrapping a material about a flower pot areknown to those having ordinary skill in the art.

[0127] The decorative cover 140 comprises a base portion 172 and a skirtportion 174. The base portion 172 of the decorative cover 140 isdimensioned to encompass at least a portion of the outer peripheralsurface 150 of the flower pot 142 such that the open upper end 146 ofthe flower pot 142 remains substantially uncovered by the decorativecover 140, and the skirt portion 174 of the decorative cover 140 extendsoutwardly from the base portion 172 of the decorative cover 140.

[0128] Another method for forming the decorative cover 140 about aflower pot 142 using the sheet of sheet of holographic material 10 f isdisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,733,521, entitled “COVER FORMINGAPPARATUS”, issued to Weder et al on Mar. 29, 1988, which is herebyexpressly incorporated herein by reference.

[0129] The decorative cover 140 formed by wrapping the sheet ofholographic material 10 f about the flower pot 142 may be secured to theouter peripheral surface 150 of the flower pot 142 by the use of one ormore bonding materials described herein. A bonding material 161, such asa pressure sensitive adhesive, may be disposed on the upper surface 116f of the sheet of holographic material 10 f to secure the decorativecover 140 about the outer peripheral surface 150 of the flower pot 142.In such instance, a portion of the overlapping folds 163 formed in thedecorative cover 140 may be connected via the bonding material 161 and aportion of the overlapping folds 163 may remain unconnected.

[0130] Alternatively, the sheet of holographic material 10 f may beconstructed of a shape-sustaining material such that no bonding materialis required to form the decorative cover 140. Upon wrapping theshape-sustaining sheet of holographic material 10 f about the outerperipheral surface 150 of the flower pot 142 to form the decorativecover 140, the plurality of overlapping folds 163 formed therein aredead folds. The term “dead folds” as used herein is understood to meanthe formation of pleats wherein the pleats are unsecured (i.e., notbondingly connected) but maintain their pleated configuration, such aswhen one folds metal foil.

[0131] Another method of securing the decorative cover 140 to the flowerpot 142 is by applying a band (not shown) about the decorative cover 140and the flower pot 142 to hold the decorative cover 140 in place aboutthe flower pot 142 such as is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,115,599,entitled “MEANS FOR SECURING A DECORATIVE COVER ABOUT A FLOWER POT”,issued to Weder on Apr. 21, 1992 and which is hereby expresslyincorporated herein by reference.

[0132] The term “band” when used herein refers to any material which maybe secured about an object such as a flower pot, such bands commonlybeing referred to as elastic bands, rubber bands or non-elastic bandsand also includes any other type of material such as an elastic ornon-elastic string, elastic or non-elastic piece of material, a roundpiece of material, a flat piece of material, a ribbon, a piece of paperstrip, a piece of plastic strip, a piece of wire, a tie wrap or a twisttie or combinations thereof or any other device capable of gathering theholographic material to removably or substantially permanently form acrimped portion and secure the crimped portion formed in the holographicmaterial which may be secured about an object such as the flower pot.The band may also include a bow if desired in a particular application.

[0133] Once the decorative cover 140 is constructed by wrapping thesheet of holographic material 10 f about a flower pot 142 and thedecorative cover 140 is secured to the flower pot 142, growing medium160 and a plant 158 may be disposed in the flower pot 142 to which thedecorative cover 140 is secured, thereby resulting in a decorativelycover potted plant 170 as shown in FIG. 28.

[0134] Alternatively, the sheet of holographic material 10 f may beformed into a preformed decorative cover 162 (FIG. 26) which is thenplaced about the outer peripheral surface 150 of the flower pot 142 orpotted plant 144. The preformed decorative cover 162 has an opening 166and comprises a base portion 176 and a skirt portion 178. The baseportion 176 of the preformed decorative cover 162 is dimensioned toencompass at least a portion of the outer peripheral surface 150 of theflower pot 142 when the flower pot 142 is disposed in the preformeddecorative cover 162. The skirt portion 178 of the preformed decorativecover 162 extends outwardly from the base portion 176 of the preformeddecorative cover 140. The preformed decorative cover 162 isself-supporting by virtue of overlapping folds 168 wherein at least aportion of the overlapping folds 168 are bonded together, therebyproviding structural integrity to the preformed decorative cover 162.The holographic design 14 f of the sheet of holographic material 10 fprovides at least a portion of the decor of the preformed decorativecover 162.

[0135] The preformed decorative cover 162 may be formed using aconventional mold system 165 comprising a male mold 167 and a femalemold 169 having a mold cavity 171 for matingly receiving the male mold167 (FIG. 27). The sheet of holographic material 10 f is positionedbetween the male and female molds 165 and 167, respectively. Movement ofthe male mold 167 in the direction 173 and into the mold cavity 171 ofthe female mold 169 forces the sheet of holographic material 10 f to bedisposed about the portion of the male mold 167 disposed in the moldcavity 171 of the female mold 169 and thereby forms the sheet ofholographic material 10 f into the preformed decorative cover 162 (FIGS.26 and 27). The preformed decorative cover 162, which may be constructedfrom the materials described herein above, may have a bonding materialdisposed upon a portion thereof.

[0136] Methods for forming such preformed decorative pot covers are wellknown in the art. One method for forming such a preformed plant cover orpot cover is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,773,182 entitled “ARTICLE FORMINGSYSTEM”, issued to Weder et al on Sep. 27, 1988, which is herebyexpressly incorporated herein by reference. Another method for formingsuch covers is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,291,721 entitled “COVERFORMING APPARATUS HAVING PIVOTING FORMING MEMBERS”, issued to Weder etal on Mar. 8, 1994, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.

[0137] A potted plant 144 can be disposed in the opening 166 of thepreformed decorative cover 162 such that the open upper end 146 of theflower pot 142 remains substantially uncovered by the preformeddecorative cover 162, thereby also resulting in a decoratively coveredpotted plant 170 as shown in FIG. 28.

[0138] The term “potted plant” as used herein refers to a plant having abloom or foliage portion, a stem portion and a root portion, the rootportion being disposed in a growing medium. The term “potted plant” asused herein also includes botanical items and propagules.

[0139] The term “botanical item” when used herein refers to a natural orartificial herbaceous or woody plant, taken singly or in combination.The term “botanical item” also refers to any portion or portions ofnatural or artificial herbaceous or woody plants including stems,leaves, flowers, blossoms, buds, blooms, cones or roots, taken singly orin combination, or in groupings of such portions such as a bouquet or afloral grouping.

[0140] The term “propagule” when used herein refers to any structurecapable of being propagated or acting as an agent of reproductionincluding seeds, shoots, stems, runners, tubers, plants, leaves, rootsor spores.

[0141] The term “growing medium” when used herein refers to any liquid,solid or gaseous material used for plant growth or for the cultivationof propagules, including organic and inorganic materials such as soil,humus, perlite, vermiculite, sand, water, and including the nutrients,fertilizers or hormones or combinations thereof required by the plantsor propagules for growth.

Embodiments of FIGS. 29-35

[0142] Shown in FIGS. 29-32 and designated therein by the generalreference numeral 180 is a wrapper for a floral grouping 110 constructedfrom a holographic material 10 g which is substantially similar to theholographic material 10 shown in FIG. 1 and described in detail hereinpreviously. The wrapper 180 comprises a sleeve 182, which is generallytubular in shape, and the floral grouping 110. The sleeve 182, asillustrated in FIG. 29, has a first end 184, a second end 186, an outerperipheral surface 188 and an opening 190 intersecting both the firstend 184 and the second end 186, forming an inner peripheral surface 192and providing a retaining space 194 therein. The holographic design 14 gof the holographic material 10 g is visible on the outer peripheralsurface 188 of the sleeve 182. It should be noted that the second end186 of the sleeve 182 may be closed, forming a closed second end, inwhich case the opening 190 only intersects the first end 184 of thesleeve 182. Sleeves and their construction are well known in the art,and sleeves are commercially available, as are various devices andmechanisms capable of forming sleeves.

[0143] The sleeve 182 is adapted to receive a floral grouping 110 withinthe retaining space 194 thereof. The floral grouping 110 (FIG. 30) maybe disposed in the opening 190 in the sleeve 182 and containedsubstantially in the retaining space 194 of the sleeve 182, therebyforming the wrapper 180, as will be described in detail below.

[0144] A bonding material 196 may be disposed on at least a portion ofthe inner peripheral surface 192 of the sleeve 182 (FIG. 31), oralternatively, the bonding material 196 may be disposed on the outerperipheral surface 188 of the sleeve 182 as illustrated in FIG. 32, orin a further alternative, the bonding material 196 may be disposed onboth the inner peripheral surface 192 and the outer peripheral surface188 of the sleeve 182 (not shown).

[0145] The bonding material 196 may further comprise a color, or acombination of colors, as previously described herein. Further, thebonding material 196 may comprise at least a portion of a design on thesleeve 182. The term “design” as used herein is defined as any geometricform, or any combination of geometric forms, for example, squares, roundspots, triangles, rectangles, octagonals, or the like (not shown). Theterm “design” is further defined as any non-geometric, asymmetrical orfanciful forms, or any combination thereof, for example, but not by wayof limitation, hearts, balloons, flowers, lace, slogans, logos, print(any combination of letters, numbers and/or symbols), signs, human forms(real and fictional), animal forms (real and fictional), cartooncharacters, and/or plant forms.

[0146] Such a design may comprise a color or a portion of a color or anycombination of colors. Alternatively, at least a portion of the designmay be colorless, translucent, transparent, opaque, pearlescent,iridescent, or the like.

[0147] However, it will be understood that the sleeve 182 may not beprovided with a bonding material disposed thereon, and other methods anddevices, such as a band, may be employed to secure the sleeve 182 aboutthe floral grouping 110 to form the wrapper 180. Such bands and methodsof use thereof have been described in detail hereinbefore.

[0148] The sleeve 182 is generally tubularly shaped, but the sleeve 182may be, by way of example only, cylindrical, conical, frusto-conical, ora combination of both frusto-conical and cylindrical (not shown).Further, as long as the sleeve 182 is capable of receiving a floralgrouping 110, any shape of sleeve 182, whether geometric, non-geometric,asymmetrical and/or fanciful, may be utilized.

[0149] In a general method of use, illustrated in FIGS. 30-32, at leasta portion of the floral grouping 110 is disposed within the sleeve 182.In some applications, the stem portion 114 of the floral grouping 110extends into the sleeve 182 via the open first end 184 of the sleeve182, extending through and beyond the open second end 186 of the sleeve182. The bloom portion 112 of the floral grouping 110 is thereforedisposed adjacent the open first end 184 of the sleeve 182 and the bloomportion 112 of the floral grouping 110 is visible via the open first end184 of the sleeve 182 (FIGS. 30-32). In some instances, the bloomportion 114 of the floral grouping 110 may extend above the open firstend 184 of the sleeve 182. In some applications, the first end 184 ofthe sleeve 182 may be closed if desired (not shown). In somecircumstances, the second end 186 of the sleeve 182 may be closed ifdesired (not shown).

[0150] In one method of use (FIGS. 30-32), an operator provides thesleeve 182 (FIG. 29), and the floral grouping 110 (FIG. 30). Theoperator then disposes the floral grouping 110 into the sleeve 182 byopening the sleeve 182 at the first end 184 and disposing the floralgrouping 110 into the opening 190 in the sleeve 182 and the retainingspace 194 of the sleeve 182 by inserting first the stem portion 114 ofthe floral grouping 110 into the retaining space 194 of the sleeve 182via the opening 190 intersecting the first end 184 of the sleeve 182, ina manner which permits a portion of the stem portion 114 of the floralgrouping 110 to be disposed in the retaining space 194 adjacent thesecond end 186 of the sleeve 182, the second end 186 generally havingthe narrowest diameter. By inserting the floral grouping 110 into thesleeve 182 in this manner, the bloom portion 112 of the floral grouping110 is also disposed in the retaining space 194 of the sleeve 182 andthe bloom portion 112 of the floral grouping 110 is disposedsubstantially adjacent the first end 184 of the sleeve 182, the firstend 184 generally having the widest diameter. In this method, at least aportion of the stem portion 114 of the floral grouping 110 extendsslightly beyond the second end 186 of the sleeve 182, and the bloomportion 112 of the floral grouping 110 is clearly visible at the openfirst end 184 of the sleeve 182.

[0151] The sleeve 182 may then be crimped about the floral grouping 110as shown in FIGS. 31-32. The crimping operation is conducted by anoperator after the floral grouping 110 is disposed in the sleeve 182 bycrimping at least a portion of the sleeve 182 in the area of the stemportion 114 of the floral grouping 110, wherein the bonding material 196retains the sleeve 182 in the crimped condition. Such crimping may beconducted by hand, by grasping and substantially encompassing with oneor more hands the second end 186 of the sleeve 182 in the area of thebonding material 196 and evenly and firmly squeezing that portion of thesleeve 182 about the area having the bonding material 196, therebypressing and gathering both the sleeve 182 and the bonding material 196against itself and about the stem portion 114 of the floral grouping110. The sleeve 182 may also be crimped by using both a crimping motion(as described above) and a turning motion to create a twisted crimping,resulting in a sleeve 182 which is both crimped as previously described,and which is twisted about at least a portion of the stem portion 114 ofthe floral grouping 110, the sleeve 182 adjacent the stem portion 114 ofthe floral grouping 110 being rotated about the stem portion 114 of thefloral grouping 110, for example but not by way of limitation, betweenabout one-eighth of a turn to about a full turn (not shown).

[0152] When the sleeve 182 is crimped, a plurality of overlapping folds198 are formed in the crimped area. The plurality of overlapping folds198 (only one overlapping fold designated by the reference numeral 198in FIGS. 31 and 32) resulting from the gathered, crimped material of thesleeve 182 may be connected, that is, all of the overlapping portions ofthe sleeve 182 are bondingly connected together via the bonding material196. A plurality of overlapping folds 198 may be formed by hand, duringcrimping, or by mechanical methods and devices. Such mechanical methodsand devices are disclosed generally in “ARTICLE FORMING SYSTEM”, whichhas previously been incorporated by reference herein. Alternatively, thecrimping may be conducted in a manner in which not all of the pluralityof overlapping folds 198 are bondingly connected together. It will beappreciated that the plurality of overlapping folds 198 (connected orunconnected) are formed primarily in the crimped area. Such crimping asdescribed above may also be conducted by any device or mechanism knownin the art and used for gathering or crimping materials.

[0153] Alternatively, the sleeve 182 may remain uncrimped. The bondingmaterial 196 disposed upon the sleeve 182 may cause the sleeve 182 tobondingly connect to portions of itself, causing the sleeve 182 toconform, either generally or closely (depending, as will be appreciated,upon the amount of bonding material 196 and the amount of holographicmaterial 10 g of the sleeve 182 which overlaps and connects to itself)to the floral grouping 110.

[0154] When the floral grouping 110 is disposed in the sleeve 182 by anymethod described herein, or known in the art, the sleeve 182substantially surrounds and encompasses a substantial portion of thefloral grouping 110. When the sleeve 182 is disposed about the floralgrouping 110, the sleeve 182 forms a wrapper 180 which provides adecorative packaging for the floral grouping 110 contained therein.

[0155] It will be appreciated that the sleeve 182 has sufficientflexibility but also sufficient rigidity to both remain in and sustainits general shape, thereby substantially surrounding and encompassingthe floral grouping 110.

[0156] Illustrated in FIGS. 33-35 is a decorative cover 140 a for aflower pot 142 which is constructed from a sheet of holographic material10 g. The decorative cover 140 a is substantially similar inconstruction to the decorative cover 140 previously described hereinwith the exceptions hereinafter described. The decorative cover 140 acomprises a sleeve 182 a, which is substantially similar to the sleeve182 illustrated in FIG. 29, and may extend over the outer peripheralsurface 150 of the flower pot 142. The sleeve 182 a includes an upperportion 200 and a lower portion 202. The lower portion 202 of the sleeve182 a is sized to closely surround and encompass a flower pot 142disposed within the sleeve 182 a, while the upper portion 200 of thesleeve 182 a extends upwardly from the flower pot 142 disposed in thesleeve 182 a. The upper portion 200 of the sleeve 182 a is detachablefrom the lower portion 202 of the sleeve 182 a via vertical perforations204 and/or circumferential perforations 206 which extend about thesleeve 182 a adjacent to or above the open upper end 146 of the flowerpot 142, as illustrated in FIGS. 33-35, thereby forming a decorativeflower pot cover 208 having a holographic image 14 g thereon. Theholographic design 14 g of the holographic material 10 g is visible onat least a portion of the lower portion 202 of the sleeve 182 a, and theholographic design 14 g of the holographic material 10 g may be visibleon at least a portion of both the upper and lower portions 200 and 202,respectively, of the sleeve 182 a.

[0157] In one method of use, the flower pot 142 having growing medium160 and a floral grouping 110 or a plant 158 disposed therein isdisposed in the sleeve 182 a such that the lower portion 202 of thesleeve 182 a is positioned substantially adjacent the outer peripheralsurface 150 of the flower pot 142 and the upper portion 200 of thesleeve 182 a extends upwardly from the flower pot 142. In this manner,the upper portion 200 of the sleeve 182 a substantially surrounds andencompasses at least a portion of the floral grouping 110 or plant 158disposed in the flower pot 142.

[0158] The sleeve 182 a may have a bonding material (not shown) disposedthereupon such that the second end 186 a of the sleeve 182 a can beconnected to the flower pot 142. Alternatively, a bonding material maybe disposed upon the outer peripheral surface 150 of the flower pot 142.In a further alternative, the bonding material may be disposed on boththe flower pot 142 and the sleeve 182 a (not shown).

[0159] Alternatively, the sleeve 182 a may extend over a flower pot 142already covered by a decorative cover such as the decorative covers 140or 162 (FIGS. 25 and 26), the sleeve 182 a often being torn away fromthe decorative cover 140 or 162 after shipment and delivery (not shown).

[0160] It will be appreciated that the method of disposing the flowerpot 142 into the sleeve 182 a is generally substantially similar to themethod described above for disposing the floral grouping 110 into thesleeve 182.

Embodiment of FIG. 36

[0161] Shown in FIG. 36 and designated therein by the general referencenumeral 210 is a wrapper for a floral grouping 212 comprising a sleeve182 b and a floral grouping 212, the sleeve 182 b being constructed fromthe holographic material 10 g and being substantially similar to thesleeve 182 as shown in FIGS. 29-32 and described in detail hereinpreviously. The wrapper 210 is similar to the wrapper 180 above, exceptthat the wrapper 210 is a narrow tubular shape which is constructed toaccommodate a floral grouping 212 comprising generally only a singlebloom 214 and stem 216. The holographic design 14 g of the holographicmaterial 10 g is visible on at least a portion of the sleeve 182 b,thereby providing the wrapper 210 with a holographic effect.

[0162] The method of use of the wrapper 210 is similar to the method ofuse of the wrapper 180 shown in FIGS. 29-32 and described in detailherein above.

[0163] For the sake of brevity, only the use of holographic materialssimilar to the holographic material 10 for providing decorative coversand wrappers for floral groupings such as cut flowers and potted plantshave been described herein. However, it will be understood thatholographic materials similar to the holographic materials 10 a-10 d maybe used in the same manner. In addition, while several uses of theholographic materials 10-10 d have been disclosed herein, other productswhich can be produced from the holographic materials of the presentinvention include sunglasses, sun visors, controlled spectrum lighting,decorative functional boxes and bags, ornaments, window decorations,clothing, signs, highway markings, anti-counterfeiting and copyingdevices, toys and toy enhancements, heat shielding, radiation shielding,spectrum-modifying glazing and other spectrum-modifying devices,protective coverings for solar cells, insulating material for buildings,refrigerators and freezers, and other insulating needs, greenhouse andterrarium films, UV blocking materials, and photographic and lightfilters.

[0164] From the above description, it is clear that the presentinvention is well adapted to carry out the objects and to attain theadvantages mentioned herein as well as those inherent in the invention.While presently preferred embodiments of the invention have beendescribed for purposes of this disclosure, it will be understood thatnumerous changes may be made which will readily suggest themselves tothose skilled in the art and which are accomplished within the spirit ofthe invention disclosed and as defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A batch process for applying a holographic imageto a substrate to produce a holographic material, the processcomprising: providing a printing element having a polished surface;applying a coating capable of receiving a holographic image to thepolished surface of the printing element to provide a coated surface;engraving the coated surface to provide a holographic image thereon, theholographic image having a first surface and a second surface whereinthe second surface of the holographic image is disposed substantiallyadjacent the polished surface of the printing element; providing asubstrate; applying a bonding material to at least one of the substrateand the first surface of the holographic image; and disposing thesubstrate adjacent the first surface of the holographic image containingthe bonding material so as to bondingly connect the holographic image tothe substrate, thereby producing the holographic material and thusremoving the holographic material from the polished surface of theprinting element.
 2. The batch process of claim 1 wherein, in the stepof providing a printing element, the printing element is selected fromthe group consisting of a flat plate and a platen press.
 3. The batchprocess of claim 2 wherein, in the step of providing a printing element,the printing element is constructed of a material selected from thegroup consisting of chrome, stainless steel and tool steel.
 4. The batchprocess of claim 2 wherein, in the step of providing a printing element,the surface of the printing element is resilient.
 5. The batch processof claim 2 wherein, in the step of providing a printing element, thesurface of the printing element is non-resilient.
 6. The batch processof claim 1 wherein, in the step of applying a coating, the coating isselected from the group consisting of metallic polymeric film,nonmetallic polymer film, foil, metallized lacquer, non-metallizedlacquer, iridescent film, ink containing metallized glitter mixed with alacquer, and combinations thereof.
 7. The batch process of claim 1wherein, in the step of providing a substrate, the substrate isconstructed of a material selected from the group consisting ofpolymeric film, foil, paper, tissue, laminates thereof and combinationsthereof.
 8. The batch process of claim 7 wherein the substrate has asubstantially rough, textured surface.
 9. The batch process of claim 7wherein the substrate has a smooth surface.
 10. A batch process forapplying a holographic image to a substrate to produce a holographicmaterial, the batch process comprising: providing a printing elementhaving a polished surface; applying a coating capable of receiving aholographic image to the polished surface of the printing element toprovide a coated surface; engraving the coated surface to provide animage on the coating; applying a metallic constituent or component tothe image to provide a holographic image having a first surface and asecond surface wherein the second surface of the holographic image isdisposed substantially adjacent the polished surface of the printingelement; providing a substrate; applying a bonding material to at leastone of the substrate and the first surface of the holographic image; anddisposing the substrate adjacent the first surface of the holographicimage containing the bonding material so as to bondingly connect theholographic image to the substrate, thereby producing the holographicmaterial and thus removing the holographic material from the polishedsurface of the printing element.
 11. The batch process of claim 10wherein, in the step of providing a printing element, the printingelement is selected from the group consisting of a flat plate and aplaten press.
 12. The batch process of claim 11 wherein, in the step ofproviding a printing element, the printing element is constructed of amaterial selected from the group consisting of chrome, stainless steeland tool steel.
 13. The batch process of claim 11 wherein, in the stepof providing a printing element, the surface of the printing element isresilient.
 14. The batch process of claim 11 wherein, in the step ofproviding a printing element, the surface of the printing element isnon-resilient.
 15. The batch process of claim 10 wherein, in the step ofapplying a coating, the coating is selected from the group consisting ofpolymeric film, foil, lacquer and combinations thereof.
 16. The batchprocess of claim 10 wherein, in the step of providing a substrate, thesubstrate is selected from the group consisting of polymeric film, foil,paper, tissue, laminates thereof and combinations thereof.
 17. The batchprocess of claim 16 wherein the substrate has a substantially rough,textured surface.
 18. The batch process of claim 16 wherein thesubstrate has a smooth surface.